Presence of the Reflective and Critical Thinking Capacity in Nursing Curricula in Iberian America.

OBJECTIVES: The objective was to identify the presence of the capacity for reflexive-critical thinking or similar, in Nursing Curricula in Iberian America. METHODS: The article gathers the results of one of the objectives of the macro-project developed by the Iberian American Network on Nursing Education Research, titled Strategies to develop reflective and critical thinking in nursing students: Iberian America situation. To achieve this, a descriptive and exploratory research was conducted with qualitative approach. An instrument created for this project was used, along with some guiding questions to focus the information. RESULTS: Eight countries participated (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Spain, Mexico, Peru, and Venezuela), which contributed information from 189 curricular plans. The R&CT was found in the majority of the curricula, although with diverse denominations. The principal learning strategies used were problem-based learning, group dynamics, reflective reading, clinical practice, and simulation laboratories. The evaluation methods used are the knowledge test, case analysis, and practical exam. CONCLUSIONS: Significant stress exists in the discourse and curricular organization. Incongruences were found and a clear inclination toward the formation of professionals with broad technical skills under a traditional, memory, banking and knowledge accumulation education.

Presence of the Reflective and Critical Thinking Capacity in Nursing Curricula in Iberian America

Objective. The objective was to identify the presence of the capacity for reflexive-critical thinking or similar, in Nursing Curricula in Iberian America. Methodology. The article gathers the results of one of the objectives of the macro-project developed by the Iberian American Network on Nursing Education Research, titled Strategies to develop reflective and critical thinking in nursing students: Iberian America situation. To achieve this, a descriptive and exploratory research was conducted with qualitative approach. An instrument created for this project was used, along with some guiding questions to focus the information. Results. Eight countries participated (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Spain, Mexico, Peru, and Venezuela), which contributed information from 189 curricular plans. The R&CT was found in the majority of the curricula, although with diverse denominations. The principal learning strategies used were problem-based learning, group dynamics, reflective reading, clinical practice, and simulation laboratories. The evaluation methods used are the knowledge test, case analysis, and practical exam. Conclusion. Significant stress exists in the discourse and curricular organization. Incongruences were found and a clear inclination toward the formation of professionals with broad technical skills under a traditional, memory, banking and knowledge accumulation education.

Objetivo. Identificar la presencia de la competencia de pensamiento reflexivo-crítico o afines en los currículos de Enfermería en Iberoamérica. Metodología: El artículo recoge los resultados de uno de los objetivos del macro-proyecto que desarrolla la Red Iberoamericana de Investigación en Educación en Enfermería (RIIEE) titulado Estrategias para desarrollar en el estudiante de enfermería el pensamiento reflexivo y crítico (PRyC): situación Iberoamérica. Para lograrlo se realizó una investigación descriptiva y exploratoria con abordaje cualitativo. Se empleó un instrumento creado para este proyecto y algunas preguntas orientadoras para focalizar la información. Resultados. Participaron ocho países (Bolivia, Brasil, Colombia, Ecuador, España. México, Perú y Venezuela) que aportaron la información de 189 planes curriculares. El PRyC se encontró en la mayoría de los currículos, aunque con diversas denominaciones. Las principales estrategias de aprendizaje empleadas fueron: el aprendizaje basado en problemas, las dinámicas grupales, la lectura reflexiva, la práctica clínica y los laboratorios de simulación. Los métodos de evaluación utilizados son el examen de conocimientos, el análisis de casos y el examen práctico. Conclusión. Existe una tensión significativa en el discurso y la organización curricular. Se encuentran incongruencias y una clara inclinación hacia la formación de profesionales con amplias capacidades técnicas bajo una educación tradicional, memorística, bancaria y de acúmulo de conocimientos.

Objetivo. O objetivo foi identificar a presença da competência de pensamento reflexivo e crítico ou relacionado, nos currículos de enfermagem na América Latina. Métodos. O artigo reúne os resultados de um dos objetivos do macroprojeto desenvolvido pela Rede Ibero-americana de Pesquisa em Educação em Enfermagem (RIIEE) intitulado Estratégias para Desenvolver o Pensamento Reflexivo e Crítico em Estudantes de Enfermagem (PRyC): a situação ibero-americana. Para conseguir, foi realizada uma pesquisa descritiva e exploratória com abordagem qualitativa. Um instrumento criado para este projeto e algumas perguntas orientadas para enfocar as informações. Resultados. Participaram oito países (Bolívia, Brasil, Colômbia, Equador, Espanha, México, Peru e Venezuela) que contribuíram com informações de 189 planos curriculares. O PRyC foi encontrado na maioria dos currículos, embora com nomes diferentes. As principais estratégias de aprendizagem utilizadas foram: aprendizagem baseada em problemas, dinâmica de grupo, leitura reflexiva, prática clínica e laboratórios de simulação. Os métodos de avaliação utilizados são o teste de conhecimentos, a análise de casos e o teste prático. Conclusão. Existe uma tensão significativa no discurso e na organização do currículo. Há incongruências e uma clara inclinação para a formação de profissionais com amplas capacidades técnicas sob uma educação tradicional, de memória, bancária e de acumulação de conhecimento.

Evaluación de competencias en el Prácticum de Enfermería / Competency Assessment in Nursing Practicum

La introducción de las competencias como eje del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje implica una profunda reflexión, no solo de las metodologías docentes sino también, y de manera muy especial, sobre los métodos de evaluación. Adecuar la evaluación a las nuevas exigencias docentes supone un reto para todo el profesorado universitario y la responsabilidad de dar coherencia al proceso formativo en su conjunto. La evaluación constituye uno de los momentos fundamentales del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje del estudiante universitario. Hemos de reconocer paralelamente la trascendencia de definir los resultados de aprendizaje que el estudiante ha de alcanzar durante su formación en la práctica real (Prácticum) de la actividad profesional que le es propia. El presente trabajo recoge la experiencia de creación de un instrumento de evaluación de competencias para el Prácticum del Grado en Enfermería (AU)

The introduction of competencies as the axis of the teaching-learning process involves deep reflection, not only of the teaching methods but also,and most particularly, of the methods of evaluation. Adapting the assessment to new teaching demands represents a challenge for all university teaching staff and the responsibility to give coherence to the whole training process. The assessment of learning is one of the keymoments of the teaching-learning process of university students. We must equally recognize the importance of defining learning outcomes that students have to achieve during their training in real practice (Practicum)of the professional activity that is inherent to the profession. This paper depicts the experience of creating a tool for competency for the Degreein Nursing Practicum (AU)